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最新的 Google Cloud Certified Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer 免費考試真題 (Q28-Q33):
問題 #28
You work for a bank and are building a random forest model for fraud detection. You have a dataset that includes transactions, of which 1% are identified as fraudulent. Which data transformation strategy would likely improve the performance of your classifier?
- A. Write your data in TFRecords.
- B. Oversample the fraudulent transaction 10 times.
- C. Z-normalize all the numeric features.
- D. Use one-hot encoding on all categorical features.
答案:B
解題說明:
Oversampling is a technique for dealing with imbalanced datasets, where the majority class dominates the minority class. It balances the distribution of classes by increasing the number of samplesin the minority class.
Oversampling can improve the performance of a classifier by reducing the bias towards the majority class and increasing the sensitivity to the minority class.
In this case, the dataset includes transactions, of which 1% are identified as fraudulent. This means that the fraudulent transactions are the minority class and the non-fraudulent transactions are the majority class. A random forest model trained on this dataset might have a low recall for the fraudulent transactions, meaning that it might miss many of them and fail to detect fraud. This could have a high cost for the bank and its customers.
One way to overcome this problem is to oversample the fraudulent transactions 10 times, meaning that each fraudulent transaction is duplicated 10 times in the training dataset. This would increase the proportion of fraudulent transactions from 1% to about 10%, making the dataset more balanced. This would also make the random forest model more aware of the patterns and features that distinguish fraudulent transactions from non-fraudulent ones, and thus improve its accuracy and recall for the minority class.
For more information about oversampling and other techniques for imbalanced data, see the following references:
* Random Oversampling and Undersampling for Imbalanced Classification
* Exploring Oversampling Techniques for Imbalanced Datasets
問題 #29
You are building a predictive maintenance model to preemptively detect part defects in bridges. You plan to use high definition images of the bridges as model inputs. You need to explain the output of the model to the relevant stakeholders so they can take appropriate action. How should you build the model?
- A. Use scikit-learn to build a tree-based model, and use SHAP values to explain the model output.
- B. Use TensorFlow to create a deep learning-based model and use Integrated Gradients to explain the model output.
- C. Use scikit-lean to build a tree-based model, and use partial dependence plots (PDP) to explain the model output.
- D. Use TensorFlow to create a deep learning-based model and use the sampled Shapley method to explain the model output.
答案:B
問題 #30
You developed a Vertex Al pipeline that trains a classification model on data stored in a large BigQuery table.
The pipeline has four steps, where each step is created by a Python function that uses the KubeFlow v2 API The components have the following names:

You launch your Vertex Al pipeline as the following:

You perform many model iterations by adjusting the code and parameters of the training step. You observe high costs associated with the development, particularly the data export and preprocessing steps. You need to reduce model development costs. What should you do?
答案:A
解題說明:
According to the official exam guide1, one of the skills assessed in the exam is to "automate and orchestrate ML pipelines using Cloud Composer". Vertex AI Pipelines2 is a service that allows you to orchestrate your ML workflows using Kubeflow Pipelines SDK v2 or TensorFlow Extended. Vertex AI Pipelines supports execution caching, which means that if you run a pipeline and it reaches a component that has already been run with the same inputs and parameters, the component does not run again. Instead, the component uses the output from the previous run. This can save you time and resources when you are iterating on your pipeline.
Therefore, option A is the best way to reduce model development costs, as it enables execution caching for the data export and preprocessing steps, which are likely to be the same for each model iteration. The other options are not relevant or optimal for this scenario. References:
* Professional ML Engineer Exam Guide
* Vertex AI Pipelines
* Google Professional Machine Learning Certification Exam 2023
* Latest Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Actual Free Exam Questions
問題 #31
You have successfully deployed to production a large and complex TensorFlow model trained on tabular data.
You want to predict the lifetime value (LTV) field for each subscription stored in the BigQuery table named subscription. subscriptionPurchase in the project named my-fortune500-company-project.
You have organized all your training code, from preprocessing data from the BigQuery table up to deploying the validated model to the Vertex AI endpoint, into a TensorFlow Extended (TFX) pipeline. You want to prevent prediction drift, i.e., a situation when a feature data distribution in production changes significantly over time. What should you do?
- A. Add a model monitoring job where 90% of incoming predictions are sampled 24 hours.
- B. Implement continuous retraining of the model daily using Vertex AI Pipelines.
- C. Add a model monitoring job where 10% of incoming predictions are sampled 24 hours.
- D. Add a model monitoring job where 10% of incoming predictions are sampled every hour.
答案:C
解題說明:
* Option A is incorrect because implementing continuous retraining of the model daily using Vertex AI Pipelines is not the most efficient way to prevent prediction drift. Vertex AI Pipelines is a service that allows you to create and run scalable and portable ML pipelines on Google Cloud1. You can use Vertex AI Pipelines to retrain your model daily using the latest data from the BigQuery table. However, this option may be unnecessary or wasteful, as the data distribution may not change significantly every day, and retraining the model may consume a lot of resources and time. Moreover, this option does not monitor the model performance or detect the prediction drift, which are essential steps for ensuring the quality and reliability of the model.
* Option B is correct because adding a model monitoring job where 10% of incoming predictions are sampled 24 hours is the best way to prevent prediction drift. Model monitoring is a service that allows
* you to track the performance and health of your deployed models over time2. You can use model monitoring to sample a fraction of the incoming predictions and compare them with the ground truth labels, which can be obtained from the BigQuery table or other sources. You can also use model monitoring to compute various metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, or F1-score, and set thresholds or alerts for them. By using model monitoring, you can detect and diagnose the prediction drift, and decide when to retrain or update your model. Sampling 10% of the incoming predictions every
24 hours is a reasonable choice, as it balances the trade-off between the accuracy and the cost of the monitoring job.
* Option C is incorrect because adding a model monitoring job where 90% of incoming predictions are sampled 24 hours is not a optimal way to prevent prediction drift. This option has the same advantages as option B, as it uses model monitoring to track the performance and health of the deployed model.
However, this option is not cost-effective, as it samples a very large fraction of the incoming predictions, which may incur a lot of storage and processing costs. Moreover, this option may not improve the accuracy of the monitoring job significantly, as sampling 10% of the incoming predictions may already provide a representative sample of the data distribution.
* Option D is incorrect because adding a model monitoring job where 10% of incoming predictions are sampled every hour is not a necessary way to prevent prediction drift. This option also has the same advantages as option B, as it uses model monitoring to track the performance and health of the deployed model. However, this option may be excessive, as it samples the incoming predictions too frequently, which may not reflect the actual changes in the data distribution. Moreover, this option may incur more storage and processing costs than option B, as it generates more samples and metrics.
References:
* Vertex AI Pipelines documentation
* Model monitoring documentation
* [Prediction drift]
* [TensorFlow Extended documentation]
* [BigQuery documentation]
* [Vertex AI documentation]
問題 #32
A Machine Learning Specialist at a company sensitive to security is preparing a dataset for model training. The dataset is stored in Amazon S3 and contains Personally Identifiable Information (PII).
The dataset:
* Must be accessible from a VPC only.
* Must not traverse the public internet.
How can these requirements be satisfied?
- A. Create a VPC endpoint and apply a bucket access policy that restricts access to the given VPC endpoint and the VPC.
- B. Create a VPC endpoint and use Network Access Control Lists (NACLs) to allow traffic between only the given VPC endpoint and an Amazon EC2 instance.
- C. Create a VPC endpoint and apply a bucket access policy that allows access from the given VPC endpoint and an Amazon EC2 instance.
- D. Create a VPC endpoint and use security groups to restrict access to the given VPC endpoint and an Amazon EC2 instance
答案:C
解題說明:
Explanation/Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/example-bucket-policies-vpc-endpoint.html
問題 #33
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