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61. Frage
The acronym GAAP stands for which of the following?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
TheInternal Controlstopic in the APS Certification Program includes understanding foundational accounting standards, such asGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which govern financial reporting in the U.S. GAAP provides a standardized framework for recording and reporting financial transactions, ensuring consistency and transparency, which is critical for AP processes like invoice recording and financial statement preparation.
* Option A (Government Accounting Acceptance Principles): Incorrect, as GAAP is not specific to government accounting and is not termed "acceptance principles."
* Option B (Government Accounting Actuarial Program): Incorrect, as GAAP is unrelated to actuarial programs or government-specific accounting.
* Option C (General Accounting Administration Program): Incorrect, as GAAP is a set of principles, not an administrative program.
* Option D (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles): Correct. GAAP is the standard framework for financial accounting, widely used by AP professionals to ensure accurate and compliant financial reporting.
Reference to IOFM APS Documents: The APS e-textbook underInternal Controlsstates, "Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) provide the rules and standards for financial reporting, ensuring that AP transactions are recorded consistently and transparently." The training video mentions GAAP in the context of internal controls, noting its role in maintaining financial statement accuracy and compliance with regulations like the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
62. Frage
Detective controls do which of the following? I. Establish segregation of duties; II. Look for errors and irregularities; III. Determine if preventive controls are effective.
Antwort: C
Begründung:
TheInternal Controlstopic in the APS Certification Program explains that detective controls are designed to identify errors, fraud, or control failures after they occur. They include activities like reviewing transactions for irregularities and assessing the effectiveness of preventive controls.Segregation of duties, however, is a preventive control, not a detective one, as it prevents fraud by dividing responsibilities.
* Item I (Establish segregation of duties): Segregation of duties prevents fraud by ensuring no single employee controls all aspects of a transaction (e.g., invoice approval and payment). This is a preventive control, not detective.
* Item II (Look for errors and irregularities): Detective controls, such as account reconciliation or audits, identify errors or fraudulent activities after they occur. This is a valid function.
* Item III (Determine if preventive controls are effective): Detective controls, like monitoring or control testing, assess whether preventive controls (e.g., vendor validation) are working. This is a valid function.
* Option A (I, II, and III): Incorrect, as Item I is a preventive control.
* Option B (I and III only): Incorrect, as Item I is not a detective control function.
* Option C (II and III only): Correct, as Items II and III describe detective control functions.
* Option D (I and II only): Incorrect, as Item I is not a detective control function.
Reference to IOFM APS Documents: The APS e-textbook underInternal Controlsstates, "Detective controls, such as audits and reconciliations, look for errors and irregularities and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive controls." It clarifies that "segregation of duties is a preventive control to avoid conflicts of interest." The training video discusses detective controls as tools for "post-transaction review and control assessment," excluding segregation of duties.
63. Frage
In order to get a sales tax exemption on goods purchased for resale, what must the buyer do?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
TheTax and Regulatory Compliancetopic in the APS Certification Program covers sales tax exemptions, particularly for goods purchased for resale (e.g., by wholesalers or retailers). To claim a sales tax exemption, the buyer must provide anexemption certificateto the seller, documenting that the goods are for resale and not subject to sales tax at the point of purchase. The seller retains this certificate for audit purposes.
* Option A (File a letter of intent with the local taxing jurisdiction): Incorrect. A letter of intent is not a standard requirement; the exemption is documented via a certificate provided to the seller.
* Option B (Provide an exemption certificate to the seller): Correct. An exemption certificate (e.g., a resale certificate) verifies the buyer's intent to resell the goods, exempting the transaction from sales tax.
* Option C (Inform the state in writing that the tax will be paid by the buyer): Incorrect. The buyer does not directly notify the state; the exemption is handled between buyer and seller via the certificate.
* Option D (Supply a copy of a sales tax license to the seller): Incorrect. While a sales tax license may be relevant for the buyer's operations, the exemption certificate is the specific document required for resale exemptions.
Reference to IOFM APS Documents: The APS e-textbook underTax and Regulatory Compliancestates,
"To claim a sales tax exemption for goods purchased for resale, the buyer must provide an exemption certificate to the seller, documenting the resale intent." The training video explains, "AP professionals ensure exemption certificates are collected for resale purchases to avoid unnecessary sales tax payments, maintaining compliance with state regulations."
64. Frage
What is an important reason an organization's tolerance level for discrepancies between a PO and an invoice should be kept confidential?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The tolerance level for discrepancies between a purchase order (PO) and an invoice refers to the acceptable variance (e.g., in price or quantity) that an organization allows before requiring additional approval or investigation. Keeping this tolerance level confidential is critical to prevent vendor fraud, as vendors could exploit knowledge of the tolerance to submit invoices with intentional discrepancies just within the acceptable range, leading to overpayments or unauthorized charges.
The web source from NetSuite highlights the importance of internal controls in invoice matching: "Three-way matching is an AP process used to verify a supplier invoice by checking it against its corresponding purchase order and order receipt. It reduces the chances of fraudulent invoices going undetected and, worse, being paid." While this source does not explicitly address confidentiality of tolerance levels, the emphasis on fraud prevention implies that exposing tolerance thresholds could undermine these controls. If vendors know the tolerance, they might adjust invoices to exploit it, bypassing scrutiny.
Options B, C, and D are incorrect. Keeping procurement alert (Option B) is a general goal but not directly tied to confidentiality of tolerance levels. Avoiding internal audit scrutiny (Option C) is not a legitimate reason, as internal audits ensure compliance. Option D (depositing overages into a fund) is unethical and unrelated to accounts payable processes.
The IOFM APS Certification Program covers "Internal Controls," which includes measures toprevent fraud and ensure accurate invoice processing. The program's focus on "peer-tested best practices" and fraud prevention, as noted in the curriculum description, supports the need to keep tolerance levels confidential to safeguard against vendor manipulation.
References:
IOFM Accounts Payable Specialist (APS) Certification Program, covering Internal Controls NetSuite: "Three-way matching is an AP process used to verify a supplier invoice by checking it against its corresponding purchase order and order receipt"
65. Frage
Regarding documents required to complete a three-way match, which is typically the most difficult to obtain in a timely manner?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
The three-way match is a critical accounts payable process that involves cross-referencing three documents:
the purchase order (PO), the supplier invoice, and the receiving report (or goodsreceived note/delivery receipt). This process ensures that payments are made only for goods or services that were ordered and delivered, preventing errors and fraud. The question asks which document is typically the most difficult to obtain in a timely manner.
The receiving report is often the most challenging to obtain promptly because it depends on the physical or logistical confirmation of goods or services delivered, which involves coordination with receiving or inventory departments outside the accounts payable team's direct control. Delays can occur due to manual processes, incomplete deliveries, or discrepancies in the quantity or quality of goods received, requiring additional verification. In contrast, the e-invoice is typically provided directly by the supplier, and the purchase order is an internal document generated by the purchasing department, both of which are generally more readily available. P-card statements and expense reports are not standard components of the three-way match, as they relate to different processes (procurement card transactions and employee reimbursements, respectively).
The source from NetSuite explains: "Three-way matching is an AP process used to verify a supplier invoice by checking it against its corresponding purchase order and order receipt. It reduces the chances of fraudulent invoices going undetected and, worse, being paid... A delivery receipt, or a receiving report, which confirms that the purchase was delivered, either in part or in full". Additionally, the Ramp source notes: "Goods received note (GRN): Proof of what was delivered," highlighting that this document requires verification from the receiving department, which can introduce delays.
No direct IOFM APS study guide extract specifically addresses the timeliness of obtaining the receiving report, but the general emphasis in IOFM materials on the importance of internal controls and process efficiency in the three-way match supports the conclusion that the receiving report's dependency on external departments makes it the most difficult to obtain promptly. The IOFM APS Certification Program covers
"Invoices" and "Internal Controls," which include best practices for managing the three-way match process, as noted in the IOFM course description: "Review peer-tested best practices for each phase of the payment process - from receipt of invoice, through processing and payment".
References:
IOFM Accounts Payable Specialist (APS) Certification Program, covering Invoices and Internal Controls NetSuite: "Three-way matching is an AP process used to verify a supplier invoice by checking it against its corresponding purchase order and order receipt" Ramp: "3-way matching-a process that cross-checks purchase orders (POs), goods received notes (GRNs), and invoices"
66. Frage
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