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NEW QUESTION # 154
What device is used to determine axial resolution?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
A tissue-mimicking phantom contains small targets at known separations to evaluate the system's axial resolution, lateral resolution, depth calibration, and more.
Principles and Instrumentation state:
"Tissue-mimicking phantoms assess spatial resolution (axial, lateral), depth accuracy, and penetration performance."
* Hydrophones (B) measure acoustic pressure.
* Beam profilers (C) assess beam characteristics.
* Doppler phantoms (D) test Doppler function.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Tissue-mimicking phantom.
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NEW QUESTION # 155
Which transducer was most likely used to create this image?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The image shown is typical of an abdominal ultrasound, which commonly utilizes a curvilinear transducer. Curvilinear transducers have a wider field of view at depth, making them ideal for imaging large structures within the abdomen. These transducers emit a curved beam, allowing for better penetration and a broader field of view, which is necessary for comprehensive abdominal examinations. The curvature of the image, the wide field of view, and the depth of penetration all suggest the use of a curvilinear transducer.
Reference:
American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS). Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) Examination Review Guide.
NEW QUESTION # 156
Which image demonstrates appropriate spectral Doppler gain?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Option B demonstrates appropriate spectral Doppler gain. Appropriate gain settings ensure that the Doppler signal is adequately amplified without introducing excessive noise or artifacts. In Option B, the spectral waveform is clearly visible with distinct borders, and the background noise is minimal. In contrast, other options might show either under-gained (too little signal) or over-gained (excessive noise and signal) images, making it difficult to accurately interpret the spectral Doppler information. Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
"Understanding Ultrasound Physics" by Sidney K. Edelman
NEW QUESTION # 157
What happens to the Doppler shift when the angle is changed from 30 to 60 degrees?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Doppler shift is directly related to the cosine of the angle between the ultrasound beam and the direction of blood flow. As the angle increases from 30 degrees to 60 degrees, the cosine of the angle decreases (cosine of 30 degrees is approximately 0.87, while cosine of 60 degrees is 0.5). Since the Doppler shift is proportional to the cosine of the angle, increasing the angle results in a decreased Doppler shift. This means the measured blood flow velocities will appear lower at a 60-degree angle compared to a 30-degree angle.
Reference:
American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS). Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) Examination Review Guide.
NEW QUESTION # 158
What reduces speckle and increases visualization of specular reflectors and attenuated structures?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Spatial compounding involves acquiring multiple frames from different angles and averaging them. This technique reduces speckle noise, which is a granular interference pattern, and enhances the visualization of specular reflectors (smooth surfaces that reflect sound in a single direction) and attenuated structures (structures that reduce the intensity of the sound beam). By averaging frames from different angles, spatial compounding improves image quality and contrast resolution.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
Hedrick, W. R., Hykes, D. L., & Starchman, D. E. (2005). Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation.
NEW QUESTION # 159
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